Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams, and buildings.
Friday 15 February 2013
Sources Of Groundwater:-- 1.Meteoric water is the water derived from precipitation (snow and rain). This includes water from lakes, rivers, and icemelts, which all originate from precipitation indirectly. 2. Connate water is the water that were trapped in the pores of sedimentary rocks as they were deposited. These liquids are largely composed of water, but also contain many mineral components as ions in solution. 3.Magmatic water or juvenile water is water that exists within, and in equilibrium with, a magma or water-rich volatile fluids that are derived from a magma. This magmatic water is released to the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption. & The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology Aquifers is defined as a pores or permeable geological formation in which we can stored water and yield the water in sufficient quantity when we required. An aquitard is a zone within the earth that restricts the flow of groundwater from one aquifer to another. Aquiclude is defined as a pores or permeable geological formation in which we can store water but we can yield when we required. Aquifuge is also a geological formation in which we neither store nor yield water when we required.
Joints fillers are the strips of some compressible material which is used to fill the expansion joints in different structure. Joint filling is an important process in many structures such as Buildings, Masonry Walls. A joint filler for use in joints between structural elements comprising at least one layer of a substantially non-compressible, moisture blocking material; at least two layers of a compressible and resilient, moisture blocking material, each layer being in surface to surface contact with a layer of non-compressible material; the layers of material are combined to form a strip of interleaved compressible and non-compressible layers, and in an uncompressed state thicker than a joint.
The Herren Tunnel is a 780 metre-long road-tunnel underneath the river Trave. The city of Lübeck in the Hanseatic League region of Northern Germany had a major traffic congestion problem across the Trave River, which divided the old city from the new regions of the city.The traffic used to run across the Trave River via a road bridge, which was desperately in need of replacement The Federal government offered sufficient funds to the City of Lübeck for a replacement bridge at the initial planning stages in 1997.The best option for the city was the construction of a bridge that will take the traffic along the diverted national B104 under the river. The budget for the construction of the tunnel amounted to €179m. €89m came from the Federal government, €54m from loans (HSH Nordbank) and €36m from HLKG.
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Thank You So Much.
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